W掺杂改性TiAlN涂层的微结构及性能研究Study on Microstructure and Properties of W-Doped TiAlN Coatings
王北川,吴明晶,张国飞,李佳,魏铁峰,陈利
摘要(Abstract):
为详细研究W元素掺杂对TiAlN涂层的微结构及性能的影响,采用Ti_(40)Al_(60)、Ti_(38)Al_(60)W_2和Ti_(36)Al_(60)W_4三种靶材制备了Ti_(0.43)Al_(0.57)N、Ti_(0.42)Al_(0.54)W_(0.04)N和Ti_(0.40)Al_(0.53)W_(0.07)N三种涂层,并使用能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、纳米压痕研究W元素掺杂对TiAlN涂层的成分、微观结构、力学性能、热稳定性和抗氧化性的影响。结果表明:三种涂层均呈面心立方结构;W的掺杂对涂层的硬度无明显影响,Ti_(0.43)Al_(0.57)N、Ti_(0.42)Al_(0.54)W_(0.04)N和Ti_(0.40)Al_(0.53)W_(0.07)N涂层的硬度分别为29.1GPa、29.6GPa和30.1GPa;W的加入提高了涂层的热稳定性,退火过程中涂层完全分解温度由Ti_(0.43)Al_(0.57)N的1200℃上升到Ti_(0.40)Al_(0.53)W_(0.07)N的1450℃;此外,在850℃氧化10h后,Ti_(0.43)Al_(0.57)N涂层已完全氧化,而Ti_(0.42)Al_(0.54)W_(0.04)N和Ti_(0.40)Al_(0.53)W_(0.07)N氧化层厚度分别为~0.59μm和~0.53μm。
关键词(KeyWords): TiAlN涂层;TiAlWN涂层;硬度;热稳定性;抗氧化性;PVD
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(51775560)
作者(Author): 王北川,吴明晶,张国飞,李佳,魏铁峰,陈利
参考文献(References):
- [1] IKEDA T,SATOH H.Phase formation and characterization of hard coatings in the Ti-Al-N system prepared by the cathodic arc ion plating method[J].Thin Solid Films,1991,195(1/2):99–110.
- [2] KIMURA A,HASEGAWA H,YAMADA K,et al. Effects of Al content on hardness,lattice parameter and microstructure of Ti1-x Alx N films[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1999,120/121:438–441.
- [3]王北川,陈利.Al含量对Ti Al N涂层结构及性能的影响[J].表面技术,2022,51(2):29–38.WANG Beichuan, CHEN Li.Effect of Al content on microstructure and properties of TiAlN coatings[J].Surface Technology,2022,51(2):29–38.
- [4] PEI F,LIU H J,CHEN L,et al. Improved properties of TiAlN coating by combined Si-addition and multilayer architecture[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,790:909–916.
- [5] SCHRAMM I C,JOHANSSON J?ESAAR M P,JENSEN J,et al. Impact of nitrogen vacancies on the high temperature behavior of(Ti1-xAlx)Ny alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2016,119:218–228.
- [6]张雨萌,朱丽慧,倪旺阳,等. Al含量对TiAlN涂层热稳定性能的影响[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(7):2696–2701.ZHANG Yumeng,ZHU Lihui,NI Wangyang,et al. Effect of Al content on thermal stability of TiAlN coatings[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2013,44(7):2696–2701.
- [7] HOLLERWEGER R,RIEDL H,ARNDT M,et al. Guidelines for increasing the oxidation resistance of Ti-Al-N based coatings[J].Thin Solid Films,2019,688:137290.
- [8] GASSNER G,MAYRHOFER P H,KUTSCHEJ K,et al.Magnéli phase formation of PVD Mo-N and W-N coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2006,201(6):3335–3341.
- [9] LI X,BAKHIT B,JOHANSSON J M P,et al. Dense,single-phase,hard,and stress-free Ti(0.32)Al(0.63)W(0.05)N films grown by magnetron sputtering with dramatically reduced energy consumption[J]. Scientific Reports,2022,12:2166.
- [10] GLATZ S A,BOLVARDI H,KOLOZSVáRI S,et al. Arc evaporated W-alloyed Ti-Al-N coatings for improved thermal stability,mechanical,and tribological properties[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2017,332:275–282.
- [11] PSHYK A V,PETROV I,BAKHIT B,et al.Energy-efficient physical vapor deposition of dense and hard Ti-Al-W-N coatings deposited under industrial conditions[J].Materials&Design,2023,227:111753.
- [12] WU Z T,TENGSTRAND O,BAKHIT B,et al.Growth of dense,hard yet low-stress Ti0.40Al0.27W0.33N nanocomposite films with rotating substrate and no external substrate heating[J].Journal of Vacuum Science&Technology A:Vacuum,Surfaces,and Films,2020,38(2).DOI:10.1116/1.5140357.
- [13] SANGIOVANNI D G,CHIRITA V,HULTMAN L. Toughness enhancement in TiAlN-based quarternary alloys[J].Thin Solid Films,2012,520(11):4080–4088.
- [14] REESWINKEL T,SANGIOVANNI D G,CHIRITA V,et al.Structure and mechanical properties of TiAlN-WNx thin films[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2011,205(20):4821–4827.
- [15] MORENO M,ANDERSSON J M,JOHANSSON-J M P,et al.Wear of Mo-and W-alloyed TiAlN coatings during high-speed turning of stainless steel[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2022,446:128786.
- [16]彭滨. Cr、Ta和W元素添加对Ti AlN硬质涂层结构和性能的影响[D].广州:广东工业大学,2021.PENG Bin. Influence of the addition of Cr,Ta,and W on the structure and properties of TiAlN hard coatings[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong University of Technology,2021.
- [17] KIMBLIN C W.Erosion and ionization in the cathode spot regions of vacuum arcs[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1973,44(7):3074–3081.
- [18] DAVIS W D,MILLER H C. Analysis of the electrode products emitted by dc arcs in a vacuum ambient[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1969,40(5):2212–2221.
- [19]唐伟忠.薄膜材料制备原理、技术及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003:180.
- [20]王启民,张小波,张世宏,等.高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术沉积硬质涂层研究进展[J].广东工业大学学报,2013,30(4):1–13,133.WANG Qimin,ZHANG Xiaobo,ZHANG Shihong,et al.Progress of high power impulse magnetron sputtering for deposition of hard coatings[J]. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology,2013,30(4):1–13,133.
- [21] PILLING N,BEDWORTH R. The oxidation of metals at high temperatures[J]. The Journal of the Institute of Metals,1923,29:529.
- [22] HANAOR D,SORRELL C. Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2011,46(4):855–874.
- [23] MUSCAT J,SWAMY V,HARRISON N M. First-principles calculations of the phase stability of TiO2[J].Physical Review B,2002,65(22):224112.
- [24]杨燕.基于共格界面的Al1-x-yTiy Tax N/Ti AlN多层涂层的力学及热性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2017.YANG Yan.Research on mechanical and thermal properties of Al1-x-y Tiy Tax N/TiAlN multilayer coatings based on coherent interfaces[D]. Changsha:Central South University,2017.
- [25] VAZ F,REBOUTA L,ANDRITSCHKY M.Thermal oxidation of Ti1-x Alx N coatings in air[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1997,17(15/16):1971–1977.
- [26] CHEN L,Ya NG Y,WU M J,et al. Correlation between arc evaporation of Ti-Al-N coatings and corresponding Ti0.50Al0.50target types[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2015,275:309–315.